CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO THERAPY
Keywords:
To evaluate the clinical and functional characteristics of patients with chronic heart failure associated with metabolic syndrome and to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive therapy based on clinical, laboratory, metabolic, and echocardiographic parameters.Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as one of the most important contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coexistence of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic low-grade inflammation substantially accelerates myocardial remodeling and promotes the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Despite remarkable advances in pharmacological management, patients with CHF associated with MetS continue to demonstrate poorer functional capacity, increased inflammatory activity, higher hospitalization rates, and unfavorable long-term prognosis. Comprehensive correction of metabolic disturbances has therefore become an important component of contemporary heart failure management.
